PAST POSSIVE VOICE

we only use the possive when we are interesested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

EXAMPLE:

appoinyments are required in such cases.

• we can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an objectin the active sentence.

FORM: tobe    +   past participle

how to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

• object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence.
• subject of the "active"sentence becomes "object"in the "passive" sentence (or is left out).

ACTIVE	peter	builds	A house
PASSIVE	A house	Is built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	builds	A house	Simple Present.
PASSIVE	A house	Is built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	Built	A house	Simple Past.
PASSIVE	A house	Was built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	Has built	A house	Present Perfect.
PASSIVE	A house	Has vean built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	Will build	A house	Will Future.
PASSIVE	A house	Has been build	By peter

COULDN´T / WASN´T-WEREN´T ABLE TO 

they are negative and are use to talk about past abilities.

EXAMPLE:

• I  couldn´t dance salsa at five years old.
• they couldn´t survive.
• we weren´t able to find water.
• the children weren´t able to turn in the right way home.

QUESTIONS:

could                                         were 
was        +       subject      +      able to      +   comp.?
were

EXAMPLE:

could you swim very fast?
yes, i could.
no , i couldn´t

were i could able to run fast?
no , they weren´t.

COULD / WAS -WERE ABLE TO 

 we use then to talk about "PAST ABILITIES"

PRESENT                                   PAST        

                                                  can                                         could
                                                  am                                         was
                                             is able to                                     were    able to
                                                 are

EXAMPLE:

they were able to reach a rock.
the children were able to climb the mountain.
he was able to rescue the children from the water.
i was able to swim very fast.
you could see the top of the mountain.

STRUCTURE:

subject   +   coul/was-were able to   +   verb   complement

Ozzy Osbourne - Dreamer

USED TO 

used to       +          infinitive

we use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don´t do in the present . we also use it to talk about states in the past which are no longer true.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:

subject     +    used to    +   verb (present)   +   comp.

my family used to travel to ica but now no .

she used to run in the park but now no .

pancha used to eat pizza in the restaurant but now no .

i used to have long hair.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

didn´t = did not 

subject    +   didn´t   +   used to    +   verb (present)   +   comp.

• my relatives didn´t used to sing an birthdays . they used to listen us .
• i didn´t use to play the piano  when i was a child.
• she didn´t use to like chocolate , but she does now.
• i didn´t use to want to have a nice house.

QUESTIONS:

did   +   subject   +   use to    +   verb(present)   +   comp.

1. did she use to drink soda.?
2. did you use to eat ice cream when you were child?
3. did he use to have little cars?

QUESTIONS WITH PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

have 

                   +       subject     +     been        +    v (ing)            +         comp?
has 

EXAMPLE:

have you been running the race since 15 years old ?

yes , i have . I have been running the race since 15 years old .
no, i haven´t . i have been running since 11 years old.

have you been sitting here for two hours?X
no , i haven´t . i have been sitting here for one hour.

has she been sitting  in the steps ? 
yes , she has . she has been sitting in the steps.

has he been waiting me since 2:00 p.m?
no , he hasn´t . he has been waiting me since 9:00 a.m

have they been playing computer games since the morning?
yes,they have.. they have been playing computer games since the morning.

have we been working all day ?
no , we haven´t . we have working in the morning.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

 has

                         +          been       +   v (ing)

have

• We use the present perfect continous to talk about an action that start in the post and continous up to present.
• We can use "for and since".

EXAMPLE:

 I have been waiting since two in the afternoon.

You have been  at this school for ten years.

He has been basketball since 2010.

She has been that book for two months.

It has been at the bank since 1996.

We  have been the same song since lat year.

They  have been the movie for three hours.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

hasn´t 

                      +        been        +  v(ing)

haven´t

hasn´t been eating for three days.

hasn´t been running to the park.

haven´t been sleeping in my beedrom.

hasn´t been working at 3:00 p.m.

hasn´t been singing the hymn school.

hasn´t been traveling to the paris .

PRESENT PERFECT 

FORM:(has /have +past participle)

EXAMPLES:

• You have seeb that movie many times
• Have you seen that movie many times?
• You have not seen that movie many times

1. We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an uspecified time before now.
2. The exact time is not important
3. You can´t use the present perfect with specific time expressions sush as:yesterday , one year ago,last week,when i was a child.when i lived in japan , at that moment,that.

We can use the present perfect with : unspecific expressions,unspecific time such as :ever,never,once,many times,several times,before,so far,already,yet,etc
PAST               PRESENT                      FUTURE

EXAMPLES:

• i have seen that movie twenty times 
• i think i have met him once before
• there have been many earthquakes in california
• people have traveled to the moon
• people have not traveled to mars
• have you read the book yet?
• nobody has ever climbed that mountain

Oasis-Whatever

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 

COMPARATIVE:

The are use to compare two or more "things,places,person"

• we use than between sentences
• we add "r-er"to the adjectives

EXAMPLE:

tall-taller

short-shorter

big-bigger

small-smaller

good-better

• we use "more" with adjectives with three or more syllabes .

beautiful-more beautiful

famous-more famous

IN SENTENCES:

Machu Picchu is more beautiful than Pachacamac.

WILL

We use it whit future that maybe happen or not.

I´ll = I will

Example:

I will love you forever.
She´ll be waiting for you.
We will see next week .

Won´t = Will not (negative)

I won´t speak to the president.
He won´t travel to the moon.
They won´t eat suri.

STRUCTURE OF A SENTENCES:

subject + will + verb + complement

She will work at the NASA.

subject + won´t + verb + complement

They won´t be in the space .

PREDICTION                                                                POSSIBILITY:     

It´s deusy today it will rain .                                              I´ll see you seen.

FUTURE WITH "BE GOING TO"

FUTURO CON "SE VA A"

Se utilice para hablar de los planes y Gools futuras

ESTRUCTURA

 Asunto + se va a + verbo + complemento

Juan en ir a jugar al baloncesto la próxima semana

Jhon va a entrar a la universidad.

Vamos a ser médicos el próximo semestre.

TIEMPO DE EXPRESIONES

Mañana

Siguiente / semana / Lunes / año / mes / vacaciones

En los próximos años / meses / días

REGULAR VERBS

SIMPLE PAST

REGULAR VERBS

I worked at this bank  last year

                We add “d-ed” in past to

                regular verbs in affirmativesentences.

EXAMPLE:

            Watched

Lived

Enyoyed

Studied

TIME EXPRESSIONS

·         Las year /vacation/summer.

·         Las week / Friday / Saturday.

·         Yesterday.

·         Two days ago.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

She played tennis yesterday.

He played soccer last week.

Margot cooked cookies last summer.

The student the teacher watched the good film on hour ago.

IRREGULAR VERBS

                PRESENT                                                            PAST

Eat                                                                        ate

See                                                                       saw

   Drink                                                                    drunk

  Go                                                                        went

Have                                                                    had

 Do                                                                         did

           Be                                                                         was / were

 Write                                                                     wrote

 Speak                                                                  spoke

Swim                                                                   swam

     Buy                                                                       brought

EXAMPLE:

·         I drunk some soda yesterday.

·         Juan and i bought a car last year.

·         We got married two years ago.

·         They went to on a honey moon last summer.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

PRESENT PREGRESSIVE

Whit the action in progress.

        BE+ verb(ing)         

AFFIRMATIVE:

He is studying math in this moment.

She is cooking fish right now.

I am writing the class in my notebook now.

Pamela and i are playing voleyball at the park at the moment.

NEGATIVE: be + not + verb(ing)

He isn´t watching tv in this moment.

We aren´t speaking english right now.

They aren´t traveling to Germany in this moment.

SIMPLE PRESENT

SIMPLE PRESENT

VERB TO BE 

       am=1° person
       is = singular (3 ° person)
       are= plural

PERSONAL PRONOUNT + BE

      I           am
      She       is                  We are
      He        is                  They are
      Is          is                  You are

EXAMPLE:

• He is a boy
• We are a  students

WITH OTHER VERBS:

SUBJECT	VERB	COMPLEMENT
He She It	Speaks Watches	French Tv
I We You They	Travel Go	To Germany To school

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

SUBJECT	AUXILIARY	VERB	COMPLEMENT
I You We They	Don´t Do not	Travel	Germany
He She It	Doesn´t Does not	speak	French