PAST POSSIVE VOICE

we only use the possive when we are interesested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.

EXAMPLE:

appoinyments are required in such cases.

• we can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an objectin the active sentence.

FORM: tobe    +   past participle

how to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

• object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence.
• subject of the "active"sentence becomes "object"in the "passive" sentence (or is left out).

ACTIVE	peter	builds	A house
PASSIVE	A house	Is built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	builds	A house	Simple Present.
PASSIVE	A house	Is built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	Built	A house	Simple Past.
PASSIVE	A house	Was built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	Has built	A house	Present Perfect.
PASSIVE	A house	Has vean built	By peter

ACTIVE	Peter	Will build	A house	Will Future.
PASSIVE	A house	Has been build	By peter

COULDN´T / WASN´T-WEREN´T ABLE TO 

they are negative and are use to talk about past abilities.

EXAMPLE:

• I  couldn´t dance salsa at five years old.
• they couldn´t survive.
• we weren´t able to find water.
• the children weren´t able to turn in the right way home.

QUESTIONS:

could                                         were 
was        +       subject      +      able to      +   comp.?
were

EXAMPLE:

could you swim very fast?
yes, i could.
no , i couldn´t

were i could able to run fast?
no , they weren´t.

COULD / WAS -WERE ABLE TO 

 we use then to talk about "PAST ABILITIES"

PRESENT                                   PAST        

                                                  can                                         could
                                                  am                                         was
                                             is able to                                     were    able to
                                                 are

EXAMPLE:

they were able to reach a rock.
the children were able to climb the mountain.
he was able to rescue the children from the water.
i was able to swim very fast.
you could see the top of the mountain.

STRUCTURE:

subject   +   coul/was-were able to   +   verb   complement

Ozzy Osbourne - Dreamer

USED TO 

used to       +          infinitive

we use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past which we don´t do in the present . we also use it to talk about states in the past which are no longer true.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:

subject     +    used to    +   verb (present)   +   comp.

my family used to travel to ica but now no .

she used to run in the park but now no .

pancha used to eat pizza in the restaurant but now no .

i used to have long hair.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

didn´t = did not 

subject    +   didn´t   +   used to    +   verb (present)   +   comp.

• my relatives didn´t used to sing an birthdays . they used to listen us .
• i didn´t use to play the piano  when i was a child.
• she didn´t use to like chocolate , but she does now.
• i didn´t use to want to have a nice house.

QUESTIONS:

did   +   subject   +   use to    +   verb(present)   +   comp.

1. did she use to drink soda.?
2. did you use to eat ice cream when you were child?
3. did he use to have little cars?

QUESTIONS WITH PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

have 

                   +       subject     +     been        +    v (ing)            +         comp?
has 

EXAMPLE:

have you been running the race since 15 years old ?

yes , i have . I have been running the race since 15 years old .
no, i haven´t . i have been running since 11 years old.

have you been sitting here for two hours?X
no , i haven´t . i have been sitting here for one hour.

has she been sitting  in the steps ? 
yes , she has . she has been sitting in the steps.

has he been waiting me since 2:00 p.m?
no , he hasn´t . he has been waiting me since 9:00 a.m

have they been playing computer games since the morning?
yes,they have.. they have been playing computer games since the morning.

have we been working all day ?
no , we haven´t . we have working in the morning.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

 has

                         +          been       +   v (ing)

have

• We use the present perfect continous to talk about an action that start in the post and continous up to present.
• We can use "for and since".

EXAMPLE:

 I have been waiting since two in the afternoon.

You have been  at this school for ten years.

He has been basketball since 2010.

She has been that book for two months.

It has been at the bank since 1996.

We  have been the same song since lat year.

They  have been the movie for three hours.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:

hasn´t 

                      +        been        +  v(ing)

haven´t

hasn´t been eating for three days.

hasn´t been running to the park.

haven´t been sleeping in my beedrom.

hasn´t been working at 3:00 p.m.

hasn´t been singing the hymn school.

hasn´t been traveling to the paris .